Figure 4

Empagliflozin reduced arrhythmogenic events in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Action potentials were recorded from spontaneously beating rat neonatal cardiomyocytes using the intracellular microelectrode technique. The occurrence of arrhythmogenic events (irregular and/or -triggered-like activities) of beating cells was assessed. Representative recordings show a normal beating rhythm (top) and irregular beating pattern (bottom) of cardiomyocytes treated with vehicle (right) or EMPA (left) under normoxia (A) and hypoxia (B) conditions. The black arrow indicates a triggered-like activities. (C) The proportion of cells showing arrhythmogenic events. Number of cells with arrhythmogenic events (total cells): normoxia, vehicle n = 3³⁰ and EMPA n = 1³⁹; hypoxia, vehicle n = 8⁴¹ and EMPA n = 3³⁰. P values were calculated using Fisher's exact test. *P < 0.05.