Figure 1
From: Deep learning phase error correction for cerebrovascular 4D flow MRI
Improvement in flow visualization and flow quantification following manual background phase error correction. In a 33-year-old female, a Spetzler-Martin grade 4 AVM in the right basal ganglia (white arrow) is shown on (A) 3D TOF MRA and in oblique sagittal views with 4D Flow MRI (B and C). Low velocity arrows are seen in the soft tissues in (B), which decrease after phase error correction in (C). There is a discrepancy between venous inflow in the superior sagittal (red solid arrow) and straight (red dotted arrow) sinuses and venous outflow in the left (orange solid arrow) and right (orange dotted arrow) transverse sinuses prior to correction (0.48 + 0.21 > 0.36 + 0.18) (B), which improves after correction (0.40 + 0.18 = 0.36 + 0.22 = 0.58 L/min) (C).
