Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics. The p-values for gender were obtained using chi-square tests for patients with migraines without aura group and the healthy controls. The p-values for age were obtained using Mann–Whitney U Tests for the MwoA patients and HCs. The p-values for the anxiety status were obtained using paired samples t-test for the pre- and post-taVNS patients. The p-values for the headache duration, headache attacks, headache intensity, depression status, and quality of life were obtained using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for the pre- and post-taVNS patients. SD standard deviation, MwoA migraine without aura, HCs healthy controls, taVNS transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, post-taVNS after taVNS treatment, pre-taVNS before taVNS treatment; a, chi-square test; b, Mann–Whitney U Tests; c, Wilcoxon signed rank tests; d, paired samples t-test.

From: Altered functional brain network patterns in patients with migraine without aura after transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation