Figure 5

Calcium supplementation suppressed fractional calcium absorption and increased urinary calcium excretion in both sedentary and exercise groups. (A) Experimental design, 4-week female rats were challenged with low calcium diet for 2 weeks, thereafter, rats were randomly divided into 2 sets, calcium repletion diet (0.55% w/w) in which extra calcium was from tuna bone or stayed on low calcium diet (0.15% w/w; L) until being sacrificed in the age of 18 weeks. Each set, rats were randomly sub-divided into 2 groups, voluntary running exercise (rats were housed in cage-equipped with running wheel for 12 weeks) or sedentary (rats were housed in cage-equipped with running wheel but wheel was locked for 12 weeks), (B) body weight, (C) cumulative running distance, (D) relative fractional calcium absorption at rats on age of 12 weeks and 18 weeks, and (E) 3-day urinary calcium excretion. SL, sedentary with low calcium diet, SB, sedentary with calcium supplementation, EL, exercise with low calcium diet, EB, exercise with calcium supplementation. Results are expressed as means ± SE. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA with diet (L or tuna bone calcium supplement diet) and exercise (sedentary or exercise) as between-subject factors, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons posthoc test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.