Table 2 Femoral length and weight, serum level of 25(OH)D₃, 1,25(OH)₂D₃, CTX, P1NP, total calcium, ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate of calcium-replete diet in which calcium came from CaCO₃ (S1), rat fed with low calcium (L), rat received calcium supplementation from tuna bone (S2), tuna bone calcium supplement with tuna head oil added 25(OH)D₃ (S3) or tuna bone calcium supplement with 25(OH)D₃ (S4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with S1, ^†P < 0.05, ^†† P < 0.01, ^†††P < 0.001 compared with L.

Femur

 Length (cm)

8

3.426 ± 0.032

3.518 ± 0.022

3.509 ± 0.035

3.494 ± 0.020

3.484 ± 0.013

 Dry weight (g)

8

0.6259 ± 0.019

0.4344 ± 0.009***

0.6205 ± 0.020^†††

0.6327 ± 0.016^†††

0.6178 ± 0.020^†††

 Ash weight (g)

8

0.3865 ± 0.012

0.2116 ± 0.003***

0.3883 ± 0.011^†††

0.3919 ± 0.011^†††

0.3811 ± 0.013^†††

25(OH)D₃ (ng/mL)

 10 weeks

5–7

109.0 ± 7.688

40.92 ± 5.483***

61.36 ± 3.861**

99.09 ± 12.83^††

N/A

 15 weeks

6–7

81.43 ± 10.30

34.85 ± 3.572**

59.01 ± 10.69

91.98 ± 13.22^†††

N/A

1,25(OH)₂D₃ (nM)

 10 weeks

7

0.950 ± 0.150

1.833 ± 0.100**

1.921 ± 0.129***

1.956 ± 0.138***

N/A

 15 weeks

6–7

1.397 ± 0.201

2.303 ± 0.087**

2.086 ± 0.115*

2.343 ± 0.195***

N/A

CTX (ng/mL)

 10 weeks

7

14.94 ± 2.244

32.95 ± 2.210***

19.53 ± 2.718^†††

18.83 ± 1.265^†††

17.82 ± 1.925^†††

 15 weeks

6

11.24 ± 0.686

26.12 ± 3.049***

14.20 ± 2.751^†

12.73 ± 1.572^††

17.11 ± 2.061^†

P1NP (ng/mL)

 10 weeks

7

2.720 ± 3.885

5.025 ± 0.562**

2.338 ± 0.353^††

2.958 ± 0.228^†

4.011 ± 0.499

 15 weeks

7

1.177 ± 0.077

4.960 ± 0.863***

2.276 ± 0.353^††

1.773 ± 0.256^†††

1.631 ± 0.356^†††

Total calcium (mM)

8

2.724 ± 0.043

2.590 ± 0.033

2.503 ± 0.059*

2.580 ± 0.045

2.513 ± 0.045*

Ionized calcium (mM)

8

1.344 ± 0.006

1.221 ± 0.009***

1.298 ± 0.017^†††

1.286 ± 0.011^††

1.281 ± 0.012^††

Inorganic phosphate (mM)

8

2.823 ± 0.137

3.534 ± 0.094*

2.906 ± 0.273

2.916 ± 0.182

3.145 ± 0.100