Figure 3

Degree distributions of the Austrian pig trade network for the year 2021. The cumulative frequencies of the node (a) in-degree, (b) out-degree, and (c) total degree distributions are represented on a log–log scale. Each degree distribution was approximated as a power law (dashed lines) using a maximum likelihood approach⁹⁷, with \(\alpha\), i.e. the law’s exponent, equals to 2.81, 1.68, and 2.12, respectively.