Figure 9
From: Exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles leads to changes in the zeta potential of bacterial cells
Surface topography (A,C,E,G,I,K,M,O) and height images (B,D,F,H,J,L,N,P) of S. aureus strain ATCC 6538, and K. pneumoniae strain ATCC 4352 exposed to 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles at doses of 2 µg/ml for 0.5 h (E–H), 1 h (I–L), and 3 h (M–P) compared to untreated control (A–D). Scale bar—500 nm. Inside the panels the marked areas (black squares) from which the surface RMS roughness were calculated and roughness values (Rq parameter) of measured bacteria surfaces (root mean square average of the profile heights over the evaluation length).
