Table 1 Characteristics of control horses and horses with mild/moderate asthma (MMEA) and severe asthma (SEA) (mean ± SE).

From: Fatty acid fingerprints in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its extracellular vesicles reflect equine asthma severity

 

Control (n = 15)

MMEA (n = 10)

SEA (n = 5)

p

Age (years)

12 ± 1

16 ± 1

12 ± 1

0.051

Body weight (kg)

524 ± 25

439 ± 43

517 ± 93

0.181

Sex

0.103

 Mare (n/%)

3 (20%)

0 (0%)

2 (40%)

 

 Stallion (n/%)

0 (0%)

2 (20%)

0 (0%)

 

 Gelding (n/%)

12 (80%)

8 (80%)

3 (60%)

 

Mucus score (1–5)

1.4 ± 0.19a

2.6 ± 0.31b

2.4 ± 0.93ab

0.028

PaO2 (mmHg)

102.0 ± 4.07

97.6 ± 3.52

87.2 ± 3.43

0.063

BALF

 Neutrophils (%)

1.9 ± 0.24a

11.3 ± 1.47b

39.1 ± 5.76b

 < 0.001

 Mast cells (%)

1.8 ± 0.34

2.3 ± 0.57

1.0 ± 0.22

0.550

 Eosinophils (%)

0.1 ± 0.04

0.8 ± 0.40

0.2 ± 0.10

0.214

 Lymphocytes (%)

47.8 ± 2.06a

55.4 ± 2.46b

40.3 ± 5.81a

0.041

 Macrophages (%)

48.2 ± 2.29b

29.8 ± 2.65a

19.0 ± 2.01a

 < 0.001

  1. PaO2 arterial oxygen content, BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  2. Mucus score by Gerber et al.32. Different superscript letters indicate significant differences between the means within a row (Kruskal–Wallis test was used for body weight, trachea mucus score, PaO2, and cytology, the Fisherʼs exact test for sex distribution, and the one-way analysis of variance for age, p < 0.05).
Back to article page