Figure 10

(a) Non-linearity of synaptic weight update from Ti/HfO2/HfO2−x/Pt bilayer memristor by using non-identical pulse spikes under incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) operation. (b) Conductance modulation by using non-identical pulse spikes ISPP operation scheme with a constant step voltage of 100 mV. (c) An enlarged view of (b).