Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study participants.
Characteristics | Total (n = 2769) | Men (n = 1875) | Women (n = 894) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 1846) | Case (n = 923) | p-valuea | Control (n = 1250) | Case (n = 625) | p-valuea | Control (n = 596) | Case (n = 298) | p-valuea | |
Age (years) | |||||||||
Mean ± SD | 56.1 ± 9.1 | 56.6 ± 9.7 | 0.200 | 56.6 ± 8.7 | 57.2 ± 9.4 | 0.205 | 54.9 ± 9.8 | 55.3 ± 10.2 | 0.643 |
Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
BMI (kg/m2, n, %) | |||||||||
Mean ± SD | 24.1 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 | 24.4 ± 2.6 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 0.142 |
< 25 | 1215 (65.8) | 640 (69.3) | 0.016 | 766 (61.3) | 433 (69.3) | < 0.001 | 449 (75.3) | 207 (69.5) | 0.064 |
≥ 25 | 620 (33.6) | 283 (30.7) | 476 (38.1) | 192 (30.7) | 144 (24.2) | 91 (30.5) | |||
Missing | 11 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 8 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | |||
Educational status (n, %) | |||||||||
Middle school or less | 282 (15.3) | 321 (34.8) | < 0.001 | 175 (14.0) | 183 (29.3) | < 0.001 | 107 (17.9) | 138 (46.3) | < 0.001 |
High school | 587 (31.8) | 369 (40.0) | 329 (26.3) | 266 (42.6) | 258 (43.3) | 103 (34.6) | |||
College or more | 934 (50.6) | 233 (25.2) | 712 (57.0) | 176 (28.2) | 222 (37.3) | 57 (19.1) | |||
Missing | 43 (2.3) | 311 (33.7) | 34 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.5) | 0 (0) | |||
Family history of colorectal cancer (n, %) | |||||||||
No | 1743 (94.4) | 837 (90.7) | < 0.001 | 1188 (95.0) | 560 (89.6) | < 0.001 | 555 (93.1) | 277 (92.9) | 0.926 |
Yes | 99 (5.4) | 86 (9.3) | 58 (4.6) | 65 (10.4) | 41 (6.9) | 21 (7.1) | |||
Missing | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
Regular exercise (n, %) | |||||||||
No | 753 (40.8) | 612 (66.3) | < 0.001 | 489 (39.1) | 387 (61.9) | < 0.001 | 264 (44.3) | 225 (75.5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1047 (56.7) | 311 (33.7) | 716 (57.3) | 238 (38.1) | 331 (55.5) | 73 (24.5) | |||
Missing | 46 (2.5) | 0 | 45 (3.6) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | |||
Smoking status (n, %) | |||||||||
Non-smoker | 818 (44.3) | 409 (44.3) | 0.156 | 247 (19.8) | 145 (23.2) | 0.082 | 571 (95.8) | 264 (88.6) | < 0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 687 (37.2) | 318 (34.5) | 671 (53.7) | 303 (48.5) | 16 (2.7) | 15 (5.0) | |||
Current smoker | 341 (18.5) | 196 (21.2) | 332 (26.6) | 177 (28.3) | 9 (1.5) | 19 (6.4) | |||
Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
Alcohol consumption (n, %) | |||||||||
Non-drinker | 560 (30.3) | 279 (30.2) | < 0.001 | 200 (16.0) | 107 (17.1) | 0.001 | 360 (60.4) | 172 (57.7) | 0.191 |
Ex-drinker | 169 (9.2) | 129 (14.0) | 136 (10.9) | 103 (16.5) | 33 (5.5) | 26 (8.7) | |||
Current drinker | 1117 (60.5) | 515 (55.8) | 914 (73.1) | 415 (66.4) | 203 (34.1) | 100 (33.6) | |||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Marital status (n, %) | |||||||||
Married | 1654 (89.6) | 773 (83.8) | < 0.001 | 1161 (92.9) | 557 (89.1) | < 0.001 | 493 (82.7) | 216 (72.5) | 0.001 |
Others | 171 (9.3) | 146 (15.8) | 73 (5.8) | 66 (10.6) | 98 (16.4) | 80 (26.9) | |||
Missing | 21 (1.1) | 4 (0.4) | 16 (1.3) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | |||
Monthly average gross income (10,000 won/moth) (n, %) | |||||||||
< 200 | 388 (21.0) | 321 (34.8) | < 0.001 | 254 (20.3) | 222 (35.5) | < 0.001 | 134 (22.5) | 99 (33.2) | < 0.001 |
200–400 | 754 (40.9) | 387 (41.9) | 536 (42.9) | 253 (40.5) | 218 (36.6) | 134 (45.0) | |||
> 400 | 545 (29.5) | 215 (23.3) | 362 (29.0) | 150 (24.0) | 183 (30.7) | 65 (21.8) | |||
Missing | 159 (8.6) | 0 (0) | 98 (7.8) | 0 (0) | 61 (10.2) | 0 (0) | |||
Occupation (n, %) | |||||||||
Professional administrative, office jobs | 481 (26.1) | 189 (20.5) | < 0.001 | 389 (31.1) | 160 (25.6) | < 0.001 | 92 (15.4) | 29 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
Sale and service positions | 403 (21.8) | 38 (4.1) | 308 (24.6) | 28 (4.5) | 95 (15.9) | 10 (3.4) | |||
Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, army service | 241 (13.1) | 141 (15.3) | 221 (17.7) | 121 (19.4) | 20 (3.4) | 20 (6.7) | |||
Housekeeping, unemployment, and others | 698 (37.8) | 555 (60.1) | 314 (25.1) | 316 (50.6) | 384 (64.4) | 239 (80.2) | |||
Missing | 23 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 18 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.8) | 0 (0) | |||
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1689.6 ± 560.4 | 2026.3 ± 534.0 | < 0.001 | 1730.4 ± 547.2 | 2127.4 ± 509.1 | < 0.001 | 1604.0 ± 578.4 | 1814.4 ± 523.5 | < 0.001 |
Retinol intakeb (µg/day) | 78.7 ± 55.4 | 60.1 ± 39.5 | < 0.001 | 73.7 ± 49.2 | 55.9 ± 35.4 | < 0.001 | 89.2 ± 65.4 | 69.0 ± 45.8 | < 0.001 |
