Table 4 Comparison of evaluation indicators of different monitoring points.

From: A novel combined intelligent algorithm prediction model for the tunnel surface settlement

Monitoring point

Model

MSE

RMSE

MAPE

XD1030

ELM

0.3155

0.5617

0.1481

CASSA-ELM

0.0539

0.2321

0.0548

EMD-CASSA-ELM

0.0188

0.1372

0.0219

SD1005

ELM

0.1337

0.3656

1.4533

CASSA-ELM

0.0359

0.1894

0.2300

EMD-CASSA-ELM

0.0048

0.0694

0.0132

SD1030-1

ELM

0.0182

0.1348

0.1472

CASSA-ELM

0.0075

0.0866

0.1576

EMD-CASSA-ELM

0.0003

0.0164

0.0320

SD1055

ELM

0.4149

0.6441

0.5574

CASSA-ELM

0.1058

0.3252

0.6881

EMD-CASSA-ELM

0.0002

0.0154

0.0096