Figure 3

Data preprocessing of collector-emitter voltage (\(V_{ce}\)) of device 2: (A) Original signal, (B) Average downsampling, (C) Standardization, (D) Window smoothing.

Data preprocessing of collector-emitter voltage (\(V_{ce}\)) of device 2: (A) Original signal, (B) Average downsampling, (C) Standardization, (D) Window smoothing.