Table 3 Blood biochemical parameters and concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after chronic high dose of S-CPP.
From: Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicology of novel cell-penetrating peptides
PBS (n = 5) | L-S-CPP (n = 7) | D-S-CPP (n = 8) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Biochemistry | units | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM |
Glucose | mmol/L | 16.5 ± 0.4 | 14.8 ± 1.1 | 15.4 ± 1.1 |
Blood Urea Nitrogen | mmol/L | 7.8 ± 0.0 | 6.3 ± 0.0 | 6.9 ± 0.0 |
Creatinine | mmol/L | 18.0 ± 0.9 | 18.0 ± 0.4 | 18.0 ± 0.4 |
Phosphate | mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.1 |
Calcium | mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.0££££ |
Total protein | g/L | 46.8 ± 1.2 | 52.4 ± 0.1 | 50.6 ± 1.4 |
Albumin | g/L | 20.0 ± 0.6 | 23.4 ± 0.7$$ | 21.9 ± 0.7 |
Alanine Transaminase | U/L | 35.4 ± 3.8 | 82.0 ± 11.5$$ | 99.9 ± 17.2$$$ |
Alkaline Phosphatase | U/L | 42.8 ± 4.5 | 54.9 ± 5.3 | 66.4 ± 6.8£ |
γ-Glutamyl Transferase | 106/mm3 | 10.0 ± 0.0 | 10.0 ± 0.0 | 10.0 ± 0.0 |
Total Bilirubin | µmol/L | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
Cholesterol | mmol/L | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.85 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.1££ |
Cytokines (pg/mL) | Mean | Mean | Mean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Interleukin 1β | IL-1β | OOR < | OOR < or 3.3 | OOR < |
Interleukin 2 | IL-2 | OOR < or 0.4 | OOR < or 0.8 | OOR < or 0.9 |
Interleukin 4 | IL-4 | OOR < | OOR < | OOR < |
Interleukin 5 | IL-5 | OOR < or 2.7 | OOR < or 6.0 | OOR < or 5.0 |
Interleukin 10 | IL-10 | OOR < or 12.5 | OOR < or 23.3 | 20.3 |
Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor | GM-CSF | OOR < | OOR < | OOR < |
Interferon γ | INF-γ | 3.0 | 2.9 | 4.0 |
Tumor necrosis factor α | TNFα | 44.7 | 44.7 | 26.1 |
