Table 6 Significance and effect sizes for changes in T102 perceptions, 2020 (n = 428).

From: Outcomes of professional development activities for selected Texas school personnel helping students cope with behavioral and mental health issues

Statementsa (Retrospective post-then-pre)

Medians

df

χ2b

Wc

Before

After

Knowledge of…

 The cultural considerations of trauma

3

4

1

227.50*

0.53

 Historical trauma

3

4

1

251.13*

0.59

 Racial trauma

3

4

1

211.59*

0.50

 Implicit bias

3

4

1

234.47*

0.55

 Equity

3

4

1

198.36*

0.47

Comfort level for responding to students with…

 Trauma

3

4

1

163.76*

0.38

 Historical trauma

3

4

1

195.39*

0.46

 Racial trauma

3

4

1

207.62*

0.49

  1. a Scale: poor (1), fair (2), good (3), very good (4) and excellent (5). b Friedman test. c Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance uses Cohen’s29 effect sizes from 0.3 (moderate) to ≥ 0.5 (large).
  2. *p < 0.001.
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