Table 4 Relative value of TrA-IO and EO activities.

From: Interaction of breathing pattern and posture on abdominal muscle activation and intra-abdominal pressure in healthy individuals: a comparative cross-sectional study

  

Posture

Breathing task

Q-Bre

Deep-Bre

Forced-Expi

Exertion-Inspi

Inspiratory phase

 TrA-IO/EO

(ratio)

Supine

4.96

4.11

3.68

4.12

Elbow-toe

0.69

0.71

0.56

1.59*

Expiratory phase

 TrA-IO/EO

(ratio)

Supine

4.66

3.98

3.01

4.46

Elbow-toe

0.62

0.75

1.06*

1.46*

  1. TrA-IO transverse abdominal and internal oblique muscle, EO external oblique muscle, Q-Bre quiet nasal breathing, Deep nasal deep breathing until abdominal wall expansion, Forced-Expi completely forced expiration with pursed-lips until the abdominal wall hollowed, Exertion-Inspi exertional nasal inhalation with abdominal muscle isometric contraction to prevent abdominal wall expansion.
  2. *Relative value > 1.0 in elbow-toe task.
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