Table 2 Propensity score-matched comparison of perioperative surgical outcomes between the da Vinci SP (n = 42) and Xi (n = 126) surgical systems.

Perioperative surgical outcomes	SP (n = 42)	Xi (n = 126)	p-value
Docking time^a, min, median (range)	3 (2–10)	3 (2–10)	0.247
Console time^b, min, median (range)	125 (60–323)	77 (44–303)	< 0.001
Total operation time^c, min, median (range)	225 (112–540)	154.5 (81–449)	< 0.001
Estimated blood loss, mL, median (range)	30 (10–200)	30 (10–300)	0.575
Preoperative Hb, g/dL, Mean ± SD	12.0 ± 1.6	12.6 ± 1.7	0.056
Postoperative Hb, g/dL, Mean ± SD	11.4 ± 1.4	10.8 ± 1.4	0.021
Postoperative Hb change^d, g/dL, mean ± SD	0.6 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.9	< 0.001
Transfusion^e, n (%)	0	7 (5.6)	0.194
Intraoperative complications, n (%)	2 (4.8)	2 (1.6)	0.260
Bowel injury	2 (4.8)	1 (0.8)
Vaginal wall laceration	0	1(0.8)
Postoperative complications^f, n (%)	6 (14.3)	17 (13.5)	0.897
Respiratory complication	–	1(0.8)
Fever requiring admission	2 (4.8)	2 (1.6)
Ileus	0	2 (1.6)
Wound complication (incisional hernia)	0	0
Lymphedema/Lymphocele/Lymphorrhea	1 (2.4)	6 (4.8)
Hydronephrosis	0	2 (1.6)
Others (e.g. vaginal vault bleeding, brachial plexopathy)	3 (7.1)	4 (3.2)
Conversion to other mode of surgery, n (%)	0	0
Postoperative hospital stay, days, median (IQR)	2 (2–3)	6 (3–7)	< 0.001

SD, standard deviation; Hb, hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range.
^aDocking time is defined as the time to move the robotic cart towards the surgical field and attach robotic arms to the inserted ports.
^bConsole time is defined as the time taken for the surgeon to perform the operation at the console.
^cTotal operation time is defined as the time from the initial skin incision for port insertion to the closure of skin incision.
^dPostoperative Hb change is defined as Hb difference between preoperative and postoperative day 1.
^eAll transfusions were postoperative cases. ^f Postoperative complications were evaluated during the first month after surgery.

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