Table 4 Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) trend at 3 and 6 months, after the implementation of the extended maternity leave, pay-for-performance (P4P) strategy and the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and rural areas. Chile 2009–2020.

Outcome	%EBF change (95% CI)		%EBF change (95% CI)
	3 months		6 months
	Extended maternity leave, 2011
	Urban	Rural	Urban	rural
	P Heterogeneity^# = 0.696		P Heterogeneity = 0.867
EBF slope change after ML (β₂)	1.37 (− 0.09, 2.83)	0.56 (− 3.27, 4.40)	0.30 (− 1.22, 1.83)	0.24 (− 3.77, 4.25)
Change in EBF trend from Nov.2011–Dec.2014 relative to Jan.2009–Oct.2011(β₃)	0.14 (0.07, 0.21)	0.00 (− 0.16, 0.18)	0.09 (0.02, 0.16)	− 0.16 (− 0.35, 0.17)
Post-intervention linear trend (monthly change from Nov.2011–Dec.2014)	0.02 (− 0.02, 0.06)	− 0.01 (− 0.14, 0.11)	0.09 (0.04, 0.14)	0.03 (− 0.09, 0.15)

	Primary healthcare strategy, 2015
	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural
	P Heterogeneity = 0.258		P Heterogeneity = 0.012
EBF slope change after P4P (β₂)	2.71 (1.62, 3.81)	4.54 (1.38, 7.71)	6.46 (5.34, 7.57)	2.63 (− 0.30, 5.56)
Change in EBF trend from Jan.2009 to Dec.2014 relative to Jan. 2015–Nov.2020(β₃)	0.09 (0.06, 0.12)	− 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.06)	0.09 (0.06, 0.12)	0.03 (− 0.04, 0.11)
Post-intervention linear trend (monthly change from Jan.2015 to Nov.2020)	0.07 (0.04, 0.09)	− 0.02 (− 0.09, 0.03)	0.15 (0.12, 0.17)	0.15 (0.08, 0.21)

	COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020
	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural
	P Heterogeneity = 0.311		P Heterogeneity = 0.348
EBF slope change after COVID-19 (β₂)	− 3.55 (− 7.12, 0.9)	− 8.66 (− 18.1, 0.76)	− 1.42 (− 4.92, 2.06)	− 6.14 (− 15.4, 3.16)
Change in EBF trend from Jan.2015–Mar.2020 relative to Apr. 2020–Nov.2020(β₃)	0.137 (− 0.64, 0.90)	0.50 (− 1.57, 2.58)	− 1.01 (− 1.75, − 0.27)	− 0.00 (− 2.04, 2.04)
Post-intervention linear trend (monthly change from Apr.2020 to Nov.2020)	0.21 (− 0.55, 0.98)	0.51 (− 1.56, 2.59)	− 0.83 (− 1.57, − 0.09)	0.17 (− 1.86, 2.21)

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