Table 5 Exclusive breastfeeding trend at 3 and 6 months after the implementation of the extended maternity leave (ML), the pay-for-performance (P4P) strategy, and the COVID-19 pandemic by macrozones. Chile 2009–2020.
Intervention | %EBF change (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 months | |||||
Big North | Small North | Central | Southern | Austral | |
Extended maternity leave | |||||
EBF slope change after ML (β2) | 5.66 (− 0.25, 11.5) | 6.35 (1.34, 11.35) | 0.76 (− 0.76, 2.29) | 2.80 (− 1.20, 6.80) | 9.28 (2.96, 15.61) |
P Heterogeneity* | 0.001 | < 0.001 | Reference | 0.161 | < 0.001 |
EBF trend change† (β3) | 0.03 (− 0.23, 0.31) | 0.47 (0.24, 0.70) | 0.13 (0.6, 0.20) | 0.23 (0.05, 0.41) | 0.06 (− 0.22, 0.35) |
Post-intervention linear trend‡ | − 0.10 (− 0.30, 0.08) | 0.39 (− 0.12, 0.20) | 0.02 (− 0.01, 0.07) | 0.02 (− 0.11, 0.15) | − 0.14 (− 0.34, 0.06) |
Primary healthcare strategy | |||||
EBF slope change after P4P (β2) | 9.81 (5.89, 13.8) | 5.73 (1.90, 9.55) | 3.93 (2.78, 5.09) | 3.54 (0.15, 6.92) | 0.26 (− 4.33, 4.87) |
P Heterogeneity* | < 0.001 | 0.112 | Reference | 0.727 | 0.001 |
EBF trend change§ (β3) | 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.11) | 0.20 (0.10, 0.30) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | 0.08 (− 0.00, 0.16) | 0.15 (0.32, 0.26) |
Post-intervention linear trend¶ | − 0.00 − (0.07, 0.07) | 0.14 (0.06, 0.22) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 (− 0.04, 0.09) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.24) |
COVID-19 | |||||
EBF slope change after COVID-19 (β2) | − 19.5 (− 28.5, − 10.4) | − 7.38 (− 20.5, 5.76) | − 3.61 (− 7.45, 0.23) | − 8.48 (− 18.6, 1.73) | − 7.77 (− 21.4, 5.86) |
P Heterogeneity* | < 0.001 | 0.316 | Reference | 0.184 | 0.27 |
EBF trend change# (β3) | 2.21 (0.32, 4.10) | 1.01 (− 1.83, 3.86) | − 0.00 (− 0.82, 0.82) | 0.71 (− 1.53, 2.96) | − 1.41 (− 4.42, 1.59) |
Post-intervention linear trend** | 2.27 (0.37, 4.16) | 1.14 (− 1.69, 3.99) | 0.05 (− 0.77, 0.87) | 0.80 (− 1.44, 3.05) | − 1.19 (− 4.20, 1.81) |
6 months | |||||
Extended maternity leave | |||||
EBF slope change after ML (β2) | − 1.80 (− 7.61, 4.00) | − 4.47 (− 9.73, 0.79) | 0.47 (− 1.12, 2.07) | − 0.30 (− 4.36, 3.75) | − 11.6 (− 23.9, 0.79) |
P Heterogeneity* | 0.149 | 0.001 | Reference | 0.612 | < 0.001 |
EBF trend change † (β3) | 0.09 (− 0.17, 0.36) | 0.47 (0.23, 0.71) | 0.07 (0.00, 0.15) | 0.11 (− 0.05, 0.29) | − 0.38(− 0.93, 0.16) |
Post-intervention linear trend‡ | 0.08 (− 0.09, 0.26) | 0.38 (0.22, 0.54) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) | 0.09 (− 0.03, 0.22) | 0.20 (− 0.14, 0.54) |
Primary healthcare strategy | |||||
EBF slope change after P4P (β2) | 12.6 (8.85, 16.3) | 6.54 (2.84, 10.2) | 7.20 (6.03, 8.36) | 4.40 (1.48, 7.32) | 4.84 (0.39, 9.29) |
P Heterogeneity* | < 0.001 | 0.558 | Reference | 0.01 | 0.039 |
EBF trend change§ (β3) | 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.10) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.24) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | 0.14 (0.06, 0.21) | 0.14 (0.02, 0.25) |
Post-intervention linear trend¶ | 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.09) | 0.21 (0.14, 0.29) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.16) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.22) | 0.17 (0.08, 0.27) |
COVID-19, 2020 | |||||
EBF slope change after COVID-19 (β2) | 1.90 (− 6.73, 10.5) | − 2.66 (− 12.5, 7.25) | 0.99 (− 2.72, 4.72) | − 2.04 (− 10.3, 6.26) | 7.57 (− 4.73, 19.8) |
P Heterogeneity* | 0.794 | 0.305 | Reference | 0.382 | 0.07 |
EBF trend change# (β3) | − 0.31 (− 2.20, 1.56) | − 0.53 (− 2.65, 1.58) | − 1.43 (− 2.22, − 0.64) | − 0.32 (− 2.06, 1.41) | − 2.43 (− 5.13, 0.27) |
Post-intervention linear trend** | − 0.28 (− 2.17, 1.60) | − 0.27 (− 2.39, 1.84) | − 1.28 (− 2.07, − 0.49) | − 0.13 (− 1.87, 1.60) | − 2.25 (− 4.95, 0.45) |
