Table 1 Summary of the precursor points based on the evolution characteristics of relative displacement.

From: Quantitative characterization of the failure behavior of dangerous rocks based on the Frozen-Thawing Test

Failure mode

Precursor point

Precursor time (s)

Failure time (s)

TR (%)

EWIL (s)

Toppling

PN

725

996

72.79

271

PT

928

996

93.17

68

Falling

PNT

727

938

77.51

211

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