Table 1 Ingredients, chemical composition, and particle size distribution of starter ration containing corn grain in steam-flaked or ground form.

Items	Corn processing method
Items	Steam-flaking	Fine grinding
Ingredients, % of DM
Wheat straw, chopped	5.0	5.0
Corn grain, ground	–	50.42
Corn grain, steam-flaked	50.42	–
Soybean meal, 44% crude protein	35.08	35.08
Calcium carbonate	1.67	1.67
Dicalcium phosphate	0.54	0.54
Sodium bicarbonate	1.67	1.67
Magnesium oxide	0.55	0.55
Vitamin and mineral mix^a	4.19	4.19
Salt	0.89	0.89
Chemical composition, % of DM
DM	90.0	90.0
Crude protein	21.2	21.0
Ether extract	3.5	3.5
NDF	14.5	14.2
NFC^b	50.3	50.4
Metabolizable energy, Mcal/kg³	2.74	2.71
Calcium^c	0.96	0.96
Phosphorus^c	0.51	0.51
Particle size distribution, % retained on sieve (mean ± SD)
4.75 mm	20.4 ± 1.5	19.6 ± 0.6
2.36 mm	70.4 ± 1.9	25.2 ± 3.0
1.18 mm	3.6 ± 0.3	13.0 ± 0.8
0.6 mm	2.4 ± 0.3	24.6 ± 0.9
0.3 mm	2.0 ± 0.2	13.6 ± 2.4
0.15 mm	0.6 ± 0.3	3.3 ± 0.8
Pan	0.5 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.2
Geometric mean particle size^d, mm	2.40 ± 0.01	1.24 ± 0.09

^aVitamin and mineral mix (per kg) contained: vitamin A = 750,000 IU, vitamin D₃ = 25,000 IU, vitamin E = 500 IU, Ca = 100 g, P = 10 g, Mg = 20 g, Zn = 1,000 mg, Cu = 250 mg, I = 50 mg, Co = 60 mg, Mn = 500 mg, Se = 50 mg.
^bNonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) = 100 − (NDF + crude protein + ether extract + ash) (NRC, 2001).
^cEstimated using the NRC (2001) models.
^dGeometric mean particle size calculated as described by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE, 1983).

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