Figure 4

Twisting flipper design. (a) The plot of desired flipper twist against the actual flipper twist. The actual twist value position is projected down onto the CAD model's plan view, which also shows the twist axis's location and level of material stiffness throughout the flipper span (b) Cross sections taken from the FEA simulations that directly correspond to positions in Fig. 4a that show the level of flipper twist (c) CAD model showing split mould assembly with each of the three casting stages. (d) Power consumption to hold the flipper at each degree of twist from − 80° to + 80°.