Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Implementing IPM in crop management simultaneously improves the health of managed bees and enhances the diversity of wild pollinator communities

Figure 3

Seasonal average of at-hive mortality was highest following insecticide sprays to watermelon. Points in each violin plot were the seasonal mean of at-hive mortality measured using a collection board in front of each hive. Each point is the average from all hives (n = 2) at each of the five experimental sites from each treatment from 2018 to 2020. The purple post-insecticide treatment represents the two mortality counts that followed any pyrethroid foliar application from both the CM (n = 15) and IPM (n = 4) treatments. Solid lines within plot represent 50th percentile (median), with lower and upper dashed lines indicating 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively.

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