Table 2 Unstandardized point and interval estimates, H₀ tests, and standardized slopes for the hypothesized partially constrained multigroup model in older and younger age groups.

	b	SE	p	95% CI	b*
*Effects held equal across age groups*
Warmth on guilt	0.22	0.14	.115	− 0.05, 0.50	0.20
Warmth on verbal shame-like avoidance	− 0.20	0.19	.284	− 0.57, 0.17	− 0.14
Warmth on nonverbal shame-like avoidance	0.05	0.04	.132	− 0.02, 0.12	0.15
MSL on guilt	− 0.01	0.01	.675	− 0.03, 0.02	− 0.05
MSL on verbal shame-like avoidance	0.00	0.03	.967	− 0.06, 0.06	0.01
MSL on nonverbal shame-like avoidance	0.01	0.01	.286	− 0.01, 0.02	0.20
MSL on helping	0.02	0.03	.568	− 0.05, 0.09	0.08
Guilt on helping	0.57	0.26	.028	0.06, 1.07	0.23
Verbal shame-like avoidance on helping	− 0.52	0.19	.007	− 0.90, − 0.14	− 0.27
Warmth × MSL on helping	0.15	0.05	.001	0.06, 0.24	0.36
Warmth × MSL on guilt	0.04	0.03	.197	− 0.02, 0.11	0.26
*Effects moderated by age group*
Nonverbal shame-like Avoidance on Helping
Younger group:	− 5.09	1.58	.001	− 8.18, − 2.00	− 0.63
Older group:	1.20	1.41	.395	− 1.56, 3.95	− 0.15
Group difference (older − younger):	6.29	2.20	.004	1.98, 10.59	0.78
Warmth on helping
Younger group:	− 0.97	0.34	.005	− 1.64, − 0.30	− 0.35
Older group:	− 0.16	0.30	.597	− 0.75, 0.43	− 0.06
Group difference (older − younger):	0.81	0.44	.07	− 0.06, 1.67	0.29

MSL mental state language, b unstandardized slope, SE standard error of the unstandardized slope, p two-tailed p value of the Wald z statistic (z = b/SE), CI confidence interval around the unstandardized slope, b* standardized slope (calculated by scaling each variable by its full-sample SD, so results are on the same s).
Significant values are in [bold].

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