Figure 2
From: Iridescent biofilms of Cellulophaga lytica are tunable platforms for scalable, ordered materials
Microscopy of biofilm cells. (A) Confocal images of biofilms stained with SYTO9 showing that cellular organization differs between non-iridescent (i) and iridescent regions (ii, iii) (bar = 2.0 µm). (B) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) cross section images of green (i) and red regions (ii). (bar = 0.5 µm) Inset (iii) showing small protrusions surrounding the cell walls (bar = 200 nm). Width measurements (iv, v) also differ by region. (C) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) height images of non-iridescent (i), green iridescent (ii), and red iridescent (iii) regions showing that distinct cellular morphologies are associated with each region (bar = 1.0 µm). Inset (iv) is an AFM amplitude image of the region indicated by the arrow (bar = 0.5 µm). Length measurements from specified biofilm regions (v, vi). (D) 2-day old biofilms grown in ambient conditions on BB2/H2O agar (optical scale bars = 1 mm; AFM bars = 3 µm). Schematic showing typical arrangement of cells in iridescent biofilms (i). Optical image of iridescent biofilm. (ii) AFM height (iii) and amplitude (iv) images of cells from iridescent biofilm showing typical rod shape morphology. Schematic showing predicted arrangement of cells in biofilms grown when sublethal penicillin is added (v). Optical image of biofilm showing that sub-lethal penicillin disrupts structural coloration. (vi) AFM height (vii) and amplitude (viii) images of cells confirm conversion to spheres due to penicillin treatment.
