Table 4 The influence of different loss functions on the results. Best are highlighted and second are underlined.

From: SU-Net: pose estimation network for non-cooperative spacecraft on-orbit

Loss function

MinAE

MaxAE

MeanAE

Std

MSE loss

\(0.176^{\circ }\)

\({{\bf 0.425}^{\circ }}\)

\(0.313^{\circ }\)

\(0.093^{\circ }\)

MAE loss

\(\underline{0.194^{\circ }}\)

\(0.437^{\circ }\)

\(\underline{0.294^{\circ }}\)

\({{\bf 0.056}^{\circ }}\)

Huber loss

\({{\bf 0.128}^{\circ }}\)

\(\underline{0.432^{\circ }}\)

\({{\bf 0.282}^{\circ }}\)

\(\underline{0.065^{\circ }}\)