Figure 1

Map of the Antarctic Peninsula, including land masks and bathymetry from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Boxes illustrate the 8 regions used to estimate connectivity: Bellingshausen Sea, Adelaide Island, South Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), Adélie Gap, North WAP, South Shetland Islands, Elephant Island, and Weddell Sea. Grey arrows illustrate WAP circulation from Moffat & Meredith (2018)32. Abbreviations indicate relevant current systems and islands: SBdy Southern ACC Boundary, APCC Antarctic Peninsula Coastal Current, CC Antarctic Coastal Current, EI Elephant Island, SSI South Shetland Islands, DJI D’Urville and Joinville Islands, AsI Astrolabe Island, TI Tower Island, HI Hoseason Island, LI Low Island, AvI Anvers Island, AdI Adelaide Island, AI Alexander Island. Circles illustrate Pygoscelis penguin colonies with circle size indicating colony size.