Table 3 The association between urinary caffeine metabolites levels (μmol/L) and stroke.

From: Association between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and stroke in American adults: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES, 2009–2014

 

Model 1 OR (95% CI) P value

Model 2 OR (95% CI) P value

Model 3 OR (95% CI) P value

Theophylline (μmol/L)

0.981 (0.931, 1.033) 0.465

0.991 (0.955, 1.028) 0.626

0.994 (0.958, 1.032) 0.767

Theophylline categories

 Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Q2

0.889 (0.593, 1.335) 0.571

0.900 (0.592, 1.367) 0.620

0.886 (0.578, 1.357) 0.577

 Q3

0.672 (0.434, 1.041) 0.075

0.704 (0.449, 1.105) 0.127

0.678 (0.427, 1.075) 0.099

 Q4

0.574 (0.363, 0.907) 0.017

0.635 (0.395, 1.021) 0.061

0.632 (0.388, 1.029) 0.065

 Paraxanthine (μmol/L)

0.988 (0.981, 0.995) 0.001

0.991 (0.984, 0.998) 0.017

0.991 (0.984, 0.999) 0.027

Paraxanthine categories

 Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Q2

0.870 (0.584, 1.269) 0.492

0.844 (0.559, 1.273) 0.419

0.855 (0.562, 1.301) 0.239

 Q3

0.631 (0.410, 0.973) 0.037

0.672 (0.430, 1.048) 0.080

0.658 (0.417, 1.038) 0.069

 Q4

0.470 (0.292, 0.755) 0.002

0.549 (0.336, 0.895) 0.016

0.563 (0.341, 0.929) 0.025

 Theobromine (μmol/L)

0.994 (0.998,1.000) 0.035

0.996 (0.990, 1.001) 0.131

0.997 (0.992, 1.002) 0.270

Theobromine categories

 Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Q2

0.874 (0.578, 1.320) 0.522

0.943 (0.617, 1.440) 0.785

0.928 (0.602, 1.429) 0.733

 Q3

0.729 (0.473, 1.123) 0.152

0.826 (0.528, 1.294) 0.405

0.836 (0.529, 1.320) 0.441

 Q4

0.609 (0.386, 0.960) 0.033

0.725 (0.452, 1.163) 0.183

0.811 (0.501, 1.313) 0.393

  1. Model 1: The covariates were not adjusted.
  2. Model 2: The age, sex, and race of the participants were adjusted.
  3. Model 3: The age, sex, race, high blood pressure, high cholesterol level, diabetes, coronary heart disease, smoking, drinking, BMI of participants were adjusted.
Back to article page