Table 2 Development of lean NAFLD according to the working hour category in men and women.

From: Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women

Categories of working hours

PY

Incident cases

Incidence rate (Cases per 1000 PY)

Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)a

HR (95% CI)b in a model using time-dependent variables

Total

 35–40 h

40868.5

999

24.4 (22.9–26.0)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 41–52 h

94706.6

3239

34.2 (33.0–35.4)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

1.17 (1.04–1.32)

1.15 (1.06–1.24)

 ≥ 53 h

43549.9

1,63

38.2 (36.4–40.1)

1.08 (0.99–1.17)

1.12 (0.97–1.28)

1.25 (1.14–1.37)

 p for trend

   

0.046

0.099

< 0.01

Men

 35–40 h

12250.9

604

49.3 (45.5–53.4)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 41–52 h

50317.0

2630

52.3 (50.3–54.3)

1.06 (0.97–1.16)

1.22 (1.05–1.42)

1.17 (1.07–1.28)

 ≥ 53 h

27526.2

1431

52.0 (49.4–54.7)

1.04 (0.95–1.15)

1.16 (0.99–1.38)

1.25 (1.12–1.39)

 p for trend

   

0.222

0.127

< 0.01

Women

 35–40 h

28617.5

395

13.8 (12.5–15.2)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 41–52 h

44389.5

609

13.7 (12.7–14.8)

1.11 (0.98–1.27)

1.11 (0.90–1.37)

1.13 (0.97–1.32)

 ≥ 53 h

16023.6

232

14.5 (12.7–16.5)

1.16 (0.98–1.36)

1.04 (0.80–1.37)

1.10 (0.88–1.39)

 p for trend

   

0.133

0.561

0.036

  1. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PY, person-years; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. p < 0.001 for the overall interaction between sex and working hour category for incident NAFLD (time-dependent model).
  3. aEstimated from parametric proportional hazard models with age, year of visit, center, sex, marital status, income level, education level, stress level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, sitting time, and sleep duration.
  4. bEstimated from parametric proportional hazard models with center, sex, marital status, and education level as time-fixed variables and working hours, stress level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, sitting time, and sleep duration as a time-dependent variable.