Table 3 Multivariate logistic estimation for underweight and overweight (overweight includes obese) in India, LASI Wave 1, 2017–2018.

Sex

Male®

Female

0.82*** (0.78–0.87)

0.80*** (0.74–0.86)

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

2.00*** (1.91–2.10)

2.14*** (1.98–2.31)

1.74*** (1.63–1.86)

Residence

Rural®

Urban

0.41*** (0.38–0.43)

0.41*** (0.38–0.44)

0.40*** (0.37–0.44)

2.41*** (2.32–2.52)

2.35*** (2.20–2.50)

2.48*** (2.35–2.63)

Marital status

Married®

Widowed

1.76*** (1.40–2.22)

1.50** (1.03–2.18)

1.52*** (1.12–2.07)

0.76*** (0.64–0.89)

1.08 (0.74–1.57)

0.87 (0.72–1.06)

Others

1.72*** (1.33–2.24)

1.50* (0.99–2.27)

1.75*** (1.24–2.46)

0.76*** (0.63–0.93)

1.07 (0.71–1.63)

0.73*** (0.58–0.92)

Living arrangement

Living alone®

Living with spouse and/or others

1.40** (1.08–1.80)

1.25 (0.84–1.85)

1.23 (0.85–1.78)

1.05 (0.87–1.27)

1.43* (0.96–2.11)

1.14 (0.89–1.47)

Living with spouse and children

1.28* (0.99–1.65)

1.29 (0.87–1.92)

1.20 (0.83–1.74)

1.06 (0.88–1.29)

1.33 (0.90–1.98)

1.07 (0.84–1.37)

Living with children and others

1.06 (0.94–1.21)

1.19** (1.02–1.38)

0.91 (0.70–1.17)

1.13* (1.00–1.28)

1.00 (0.85–1.18)

1.27** (1.03–1.56)

Living with others only

1.22** (1.05–1.43)

1.20* (0.99–1.44)

1.33* (0.99–1.79)

0.95 (0.81–1.11)

0.92 (0.76–1.13)

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

Education

No schooling®

Less than 5 years complete

0.75*** (0.70–0.80)

0.70*** (0.64–0.77)

0.84*** (0.75–0.93)

1.35*** (1.27–1.45)

1.50*** (1.36–1.65)

1.22*** (1.11–1.34)

5–9 years complete

0.55*** (0.52–0.59)

0.60*** (0.55–0.65)

0.55*** (0.50–0.60)

1.82*** (1.73–1.92)

1.83*** (1.68–1.99)

1.71*** (1.59–1.83)

10 or more years complete

0.36*** (0.33–0.40)

0.37*** (0.32–0.42)

0.39*** (0.35–0.45)

2.20*** (2.07–2.34)

2.34*** (2.13–2.58)

1.98*** (1.83–2.14)

Caste

Scheduled caste®

Scheduled tribe

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

0.97 (0.88–1.07)

0.98 (0.88–1.08)

0.70*** (0.65–0.75)

0.73*** (0.65–0.83)

0.68*** (0.62–0.75)

Other backward class (OBC)

0.94** (0.89–1.00)

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

0.91** (0.83–0.99)

1.08** (1.02–1.14)

1.14*** (1.04–1.26)

1.05 (0.98–1.14)

None of them

0.83*** (0.77–0.89)

0.81*** (0.74–0.89)

0.81*** (0.73–0.91)

1.21*** (1.14–1.29)

1.24*** (1.12–1.36)

1.25*** (1.16–1.36)

HH Size

1–2®

3–4

0.88*** (0.83–0.94)

0.86*** (0.79–0.94)

0.88** (0.80–0.97)

1.18*** (1.12–1.25)

1.20*** (1.10–1.31)

1.20*** (1.12–1.29)

5 + 

0.76*** (0.70–0.82)

0.75*** (0.67–0.84)

0.71*** (0.63–0.81)

1.39*** (1.30–1.50)

1.40*** (1.25–1.57)

1.48*** (1.34–1.63)

MPCE quintile

Poorest®

Poorer

0.85*** (0.80–0.90)

0.89*** (0.81–0.97)

0.79*** (0.72–0.87)

1.25*** (1.17–1.34)

1.28*** (1.16–1.42)

1.24*** (1.14–1.36)

Middle

0.67*** (0.63–0.72)

0.68*** (0.62–0.74)

0.67*** (0.61–0.74)

1.48*** (1.38–1.58)

1.53*** (1.38–1.69)

1.45*** (1.33–1.59)

Richer

0.53*** (0.50–0.57)

0.54*** (0.49–0.60)

0.53*** (0.47–0.59)

1.90*** (1.78–2.03)

2.01*** (1.82–2.23)

1.83*** (1.68–2.00)

Richest

0.39*** (0.36–0.43)

0.42*** (0.38–0.47)

0.36*** (0.32–0.41)

2.53*** (2.36–2.70)

2.44*** (2.20–2.71)

2.60*** (2.38–2.85)

Food availability constraint

No constraint®

Low constraint

0.96 (0.92–1.01)

0.95 (0.89–1.01)

0.97 (0.90–1.04)

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

1.00 (0.94–1.07)

1.07 (1.01–1.13)

Severe constraint

1.35*** (1.24–1.47)

1.35*** (1.20–1.51)

1.39*** (1.23–1.58)

0.84*** (0.76–0.92)

0.87* (0.76–1.00)

0.79*** (0.70–0.90)

Any endemic disease

No®

Yes

1.28*** (1.22–1.34)

1.24*** (1.16–1.33)

1.34*** (1.24–1.44)

0.86*** (0.82–0.90)

0.82*** (0.76–0.88)

0.89*** (0.83–0.94)

Any mental health issues

No®

Yes

0.89 (0.76–1.04)

0.92 (0.75–1.12)

0.81 (0.62–1.06)

1.21*** (1.06–1.37)

1.10 (0.91–1.32)

1.36*** (1.13–1.63)

Edentulism

No®

Partial or complete

1.39*** (1.32–1.47)

1.29*** (1.18–1.40)

1.22*** (1.14–1.31)

0.82*** (0.78–0.85)

0.77*** (0.71–0.83)

0.95** (0.90–1.00)

Tobacco consumption

No®

Yes

1.72*** (1.64–1.81)

1.72*** (1.61–1.84)

1.75*** (1.63–1.89)

0.61*** (0.58–0.64)

0.62*** (0.58–0.67)

0.59*** (0.55–0.63)

Alcohol consumption

No®

Yes

1.15*** (1.08–1.22)

1.10** (1.02–1.20)

1.26*** (1.15–1.38)

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

0.93* (0.86–1.01)

Physical activity

No®

Yes

0.90*** (0.85–0.94)

0.91*** (0.86–0.97)

1.00 (0.92–1.07)

0.95** (0.91–0.99)

0.90*** (0.85–0.96)

0.91*** (0.86–0.96)