Table 2 The influence of seaweed extract (SWE) foliar spraying on photosynthetic pigments content of fennel plants under arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF) inoculation.

From: Seaweed extract and arbuscular mycorrhiza co-application affect the growth responses and essential oil composition of Foeniculum vulgare L.

SWE (mg L−1)

AMF

Chl a(mg g−1 FW)

Chl b (mg g−1 FW)

Chl a + b (mg g−1 FW)

Carotenoids (mg g−1 FW)

0

0

0.502 ± 0.087f.

0.310 ± 0.067f.

0.812 ± 0.151g

0.078 ± 0.017e

 

1

0.707 ± 0.010e

0.468 ± 0.015e

1.175 ± 0.016ef

0.196 ± 0.014d

0.5

0

0.754 ± 0.001de

0.515 ± 0.013de

1.268 ± 0.013cd

0.201 ± 0.002d

 

1

0.812 ± 0.018cd

0.554 ± 0.009cd

1.366 ± 0.022d

0.258 ± 0.020bc

1.5

0

0.873 ± 0.011c

0.594 ± 0.014fbc

1.467 ± 0.021f.

0.246 ± 0.014c

 

1

0.958 ± 0.012b

0.632 ± 0.006b

1.590 ± 0.012b

0.283 ± 0.037b

3

0

1.045 ± 0.029a

0.709 ± 0.008a

1.755 ± 0.036c

0.285 ± 0.012b

 

1

1.112 ± 0.009a

0.760 ± 0.026a

1.871 ± 0.035a

0.344 ± 0.013a

LSD at 0.05%

 

2.76

2.12

4.67

1.44

S.O.V

     

AMF

 

**

**

**

**

SWE

 

**

**

**

**

AMF × SWE

 

**

**

**

*

CV%

 

8.71

5.56

8.27

7.86

  1. *, ** indicate significance at P ≤ 5% and ≤ 1%, respectively. Different letters in each column indicate a significant difference at p ≤ 0.05. SWE, S.O.V., and C.V. refer to seaweed extract, source of variance, and coefficient of variation. AMF 0 and AMF 1 assign to those with no arbuscular mycorrhiza and with arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation at 5 g kg−1 soil.
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