Figure 1

Geographic location of sampling sites, pathogen community composition and absolute abundance of the three typical pathogens in SW. (A) DWTP, re-chlorination tank, SW and suspension-restoration water (SRW) sampling locations are marked as black pentagram, black rhombus, red circle and blue triangle, respectively. (B) Relative abundance of abundant (mean value > 0.1%) pathogens at the different sites. Cluster analysis based on Bray–Curtis distance and Shannon index (mean ± standard error, n = 3) shows structural similarity and alpha diversity of pathogen community at the different sampling sites. (C) Absolute abundance (mean ± standard error, n = 10) of the three typical pathogens in SW at the different sites. *** means significant difference by t-test between sites XLW and MQ (p < 0.001).