Table 1 Patient and hospital characteristics by trauma center level.
Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary admissions (n) | 3 954 | 1 684 | 431 | 6 069 | |
Age (years) | 8.7 (4.8) | 9.2 (4.9) | 9.3 (5.1) | 8.9 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 2456 (62.2%) | 1045 (62.1%) | 282 (65.4%) | 3783 (62.4%) | 0.401 |
Penetrating trauma (%) | 101 (2.7%) | 55 (3.4%) | 9 (2.3%) | 165 (2.9%) | 0.241 |
Injury mechanisms (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Car | 502 (12.9%) | 193 (11.7%) | 47 (11.4%) | 742 (12.5%) | |
Motorcyclist | 175 (4.5%) | 90 (5.5%) | 32 (7.8%) | 297 (5.0%) | |
Bicycle | 548 (14.1%) | 279 (17.0%) | 75 (18.2%) | 902 (15.2%) | |
Pedestrian | 864 (22.2%) | 316 (19.2%) | 74 (18.0%) | 1254 (21.1%) | |
Hight fall > 3 m | 736 (18.9%) | 251 (15.3%) | 40 (9.7%) | 1027 (17.3%) | |
Low fall < 3 m | 493 (12.7%) | 257 (15.6%) | 78 (18.9%) | 828 (13.9%) | |
Others | 575 (14.8%) | 258 (15.7%) | 66 (16.0%) | 899 (15.1%) | |
Times (min mean/median, SD) | |||||
On scene | 28/25 (17) | 22/20 (14) | 18/18 (10) | 27/25 (17) | < 0.001 |
From accident to hospital | 63/60 (28) | 55/50 (30) | 52/45 (39) | 60/55 (30) | < 0.001 |
Emergency room | 67/50 (61) | 77/59 (63) | 90/69 (63) | 72/52 (62) | < 0.001 |
GCS < 9 pts. (%) | 1011 (28.1%) | 250 (16.4%) | 35 (9.2%) | 1296 (23.5%) | < 0.001 |
HEMS transport (%) | 1465 (38.7%) | 140 (8.6%) | 11 (2.7%) | 1616 (27.8%) | < 0.001 |
Admission during night time (%) | 1548 (39.2%) | 671 (39.8%) | 152 (35.3%) | 2371 (39.1%) | 0.217 |
Weekend admissions (%) | 1776 (44.9%) | 742 (44.1%) | 183 (42.5%) | 2701 (44.5%) | 0.567 |
ER diagnostics | |||||
FAST sonography (%) | 3480 (88.7%) | 1429 (85.9%) | 361 (84.1%) | 5270 (87.6%) | 0.001 |
X-ray (%) | 1394 (35.5%) | 445 (26.8%) | 117 (27.3%) | 1956 (32.5%) | < 0.001 |
CT scan (%) | 3272 (82.8%) | 1211 (71.9%) | 275 (63.8%) | 4758 (78.4%) | < 0.001 |
LOS (days) median (IQR) | 9 (5–16) | 6 (1–11) | 1 (1–7) | 8 (3–14) | < 0.001 |
ICU stay (%) | 3411 (86.3%) | 1171 (69.5%) | 217 (50.3%) | 4799 (79.1%) | < 0.001 |
ICU LOS (days) median (IQR) | 2 (1–6) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–4) | < 0.001 |
Early transfer out (%) | 172 (4.4%) | 429 (25.5%) | 216 (50.1%) | 817 (13.5%) | < 0.001 |
Discharged home (%) | 2580 (65.3%) | 983 (58.4%) | 178 (41.3%) | 3741 (61.6%) | < 0.001 |
Died in hospital (%) | 333 (8.4%) | 94 (5.6%) | 7 (1.6%) | 434 (7.2%) | < 0.001 |
ISS (points) | 20.2/17 (12.0) | 17.7/16 (10.0) | 16.3/14 (9.3) | 19.2/16 (11.4) | < 0.001 |
ISS ≥ 16 (%) | 2441 (61.7%) | 894 (53.1%) | 209 (48.5%) | 3544 (58.4%) | < 0.001 |
Injured body regions (AIS ≥ 3 | |||||
Head (%) | 2227 (56.3%) | 705 (41.9%) | 162 (37.6%) | 3094 (51.0%) | < 0.001 |
Thorax (%) | 1086 (27.5%) | 485 (27.2%) | 103 (23.9%) | 1647 (27.1%) | 0.286 |
Abdomen (%) | 482 (12.2%) | 285 (16.9%) | 68 (15.8%) | 835 (13.8%) | < 0.001 |
Pelvic/extremities (%) | 1175 (29.7%) | 494 (29.3%) | 142 (32.9%) | 1811 (29.8%) | 0.329 |
