Figure 3
Echocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluation of heart functional parameters. (A) Representative images of mitral annulus tissue Doppler in a rat from the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-control) and a rat from the CDC-EV treated groups. (B) The CDC-EV group showed a trend towards decreased LV stiffness compared with the control group, as measured by E′ and E/E′ ratio. (C) Representative images of left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loops (PVL) in a rat from PBS-control (n = 7) and CDC-EV-treated (n = 7) groups. (D) Cardiac efficiency was higher and LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) slopes were lower in CDC-EV-treated group after 16 weeks versus control PBS. All significant p-values are shown. Colored values (blue in CDC-EV and red in PBS groups, respectively) represent the significance of the difference between baseline and the specific time-point within the group estimated with paired Student’s t-test. Black values represent the significance between the groups at the same time-point estimated with two tailed Student’s t-test. Data presented are means ± s.e.m.
