Table 2 Characteristics of included observational studies.

From: Serum and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in T2DM populations: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Author	Year	Country	Participants	Age(y) (Mean ± SD)	Baseline Vitamin D Level (Mean ± SD)	Correlation coefficient between VD and FI	Correlation coefficient between VD and HOMA-IR	Correlation coefficient between VD and FBG
Al-Daghri, N. M³³	2013	KSA	153	50.2 ± 10.1	23.8 ± 1.5 nmol/L	− 0.28	− 0.23	− 0.25
Alharazy, S³⁴	2021	Saudi Arabia	173	59.6 ± 6.8	14.2 ± 9.2 ng/mL	− 0.184	− 0.23	− 0.165
Cai, X³⁵	2014	China	1408	57.1 ± 13.54	35.72 ± 13.64 nmol/L	NP	1.009	NP
Calvo-Romero, J. M³⁶	2015	Spain	77	72.3 ± 9.8	NP	− 0.82	− 0.51	NP
Cătoi, A. F³⁷	2021	Romania	47	33–68	NP	NP	− 0.02	NP
Choi, D. H³⁸	2018	Korea	302	NP	15.1 ± 9.7 ng/mL	0.235	− 0.264	0.087
Dalgård, C³⁹	2011	Denmark	668	72.5	NP	− 0.1	− 0.1	− 0.01
Dhas, Y⁴⁰	2019	India	90	41.83 ± 5.91	16.68 ± 7.51 ng/mL	− 0.015	− 0.148	− 0.324
Fondjo, L. A⁴¹	2017	Ghana	118	58.81 ± 0.90	1.93–8.96 ng/mL	NP	− 0.153	NP
Gao, Y⁴²	2015	China	395	59.62 ± 8.15	NP	− 0.045	NP	NP
Haidari, F. PhD⁴³	2016	Iran	84	51.79 ± 9.01	NP	0.051	NP	− 0.21
Han, B⁴⁴	2017	China	6597	52.5 ± 13.5	41.1 ± 10.8 nmol/L	NP	− 0.03	NP
Omar, D. F⁴⁵	2018	Egypt	20	56.10 ± 1.39	NP	NP	− 0.301	− 0.549
Said, J⁴⁶	2021	Kenya	128	56.2 ± 9.2	1.6–21.1 ng/mL	NP	0.07	NP
Tran Huu, T. T⁴⁷	2021	Vietnam	110	69.86 ± 12.54	30.67 ± 8.55 mmol/L	NP	− 0.192	NP
Wang, W⁴⁸	2019	China	106	50.12 ± 13.05	NP	NP	− 0.75	NP
Wang, W⁴⁹	2018	China	264	50.04 ± 9.43	NP	− 0.039	− 0.042	− 0.002
Yang, Y⁵⁰	2016	China	97	52.5 ± 10	36 ± 19 mmol/L	NP	− 0.22	NP
Zhang, J⁵¹	2021	China	109	49.79 ± 13.53	21.10 ± 10.39 ng/mL	NP	− 0.364	NP
Zhang, J⁵²	2016	China	117	50.38 ± 13.47	21.40 ± 10.68 ng/mL	NP	− 0.327	NP

NR not reported, KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, FBG Fasting Blood Glucose, HOMA-IR Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance, FI Fasting Insulin, VD Vitamin D.

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