Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants based on NAFLD stratification.
From: Serum folate associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced hepatic fibrosis
Characteristic | NAFLD | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
N | 3056 | 2361 | |
Demographics | |||
Age (year), mean ± SD | 47.84 ± 18.12 | 51.06 ± 15.97 | < 0.001 |
Sex | |||
Male | 1318 (43.13%) | 1133 (47.99%) | |
Female | 1738 (56.87%) | 1228 (52.01%) | |
Race | < 0.001 | ||
Mexican American | 342 (11.19%) | 388 (16.43%) | |
Other Hispanic | 302 (9.88%) | 263 (11.14%) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 1188 (38.87%) | 1024 (43.37%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 613 (20.06%) | 484 (20.50%) | |
Other race—including multi-racial | 611 (19.99%) | 202 (8.56%) | |
Education level | < 0.001 | ||
< High school | 555 (18.16%) | 513 (21.73%) | |
High school | 613 (20.06%) | 575 (24.35%) | |
> High school | 1888 (61.78%) | 1273 (53.92%) | |
PIR | < 0.001 | ||
< = 1 | 628 (20.55%) | 549 (23.25%) | |
1–3 | 1213 (39.69%) | 1059 (44.85%) | |
> 3 | 1215 (39.76%) | 753 (31.89%) | |
Behavioral characteristics | |||
Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||
Never | 1929 (63.12%) | 1285 (54.43%) | |
Now | 488 (15.97%) | 421 (17.83%) | |
Former | 639 (20.91%) | 655 (27.74%) | |
Work activities status | 0.048 | ||
No | 1813 (59.33%) | 1312 (55.57%) | |
Moderate | 662 (21.66%) | 559 (23.68%) | |
Vigorous | 118 (3.86%) | 94 (3.98%) | |
Both | 463 (15.15%) | 396 (16.77%) | |
Recreational activities status | < 0.001 | ||
No | 1349 (44.14%) | 1359 (57.56%) | |
Moderate | 858 (28.08%) | 624 (26.43%) | |
Vigorous | 279 (9.13%) | 122 (5.17%) | |
Both | 570 (18.65%) | 256 (10.84%) | |
Dietary characteristics | |||
Dietary energy intake (kcal), Mean ± SD | 3934.68 ± 1481.90 | 3989.11 ± 1616.94 | 0.198 |
Dietary protein intake (mg), mean ± SD | 156.71 ± 66.36 | 160.26 ± 70.70 | 0.058 |
Dietary folate intake (mcg), median (Q1-Q3) | 710.00 (500.00–985.25) | 673.00 (476.00–928.00) | 0.012 |
Related disease conditions | |||
Hypertension status | < 0.001 | ||
No | 2084 (68.19%) | 1053 (44.60%) | |
Yes | 972 (31.81%) | 1308 (55.40%) | |
Diabetes status | < 0.001 | ||
No | 2276 (74.48%) | 1075 (45.53%) | |
Yes | 352 (11.52%) | 788 (33.38%) | |
IGT | 210 (6.87%) | 194 (8.22%) | |
IFG | 218 (7.13%) | 304 (12.88%) | |
Anthropometric measurements | |||
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 89.16 ± 9.84 | 114.25 ± 13.50 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.13 ± 3.68 | 35.23 ± 6.55 | < 0.001 |
Biochemical indicators | |||
GGT (IU/L), median (Q1–Q3) | 16.00 (12.00–21.00) | 24.00 (18.00–38.00) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (Q1–Q3) | 78.00 (56.00–108.00) | 130.00 (91.00–187.00) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 185.00 ± 39.41 | 194.28 ± 41.41 | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 58.13 ± 15.51 | 46.82 ± 11.87 | < 0.001 |
AST (u/L), median (Q1–Q3) | 21.00 (18.00–25.00) | 22.00 (19.00–28.00) | < 0.001 |
ALT(u/L), median (Q1–Q3) | 18.00 (14.00–23.00) | 23.00 (17.00–32.00) | < 0.001 |
Serum folate (nmol/L), median (Q1–Q3) | 38.51 (26.27–55.72) | 33.98 (24.01–50.06) | < 0.001 |
