Table 2 Blood-based biomarkers in study participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive disorder (MCD) diagnosis and correlations with cognitive measures.

From: A FinnGen pilot clinical recall study for Alzheimer’s disease

 

Aβ42/40

GFAP (pg/ml)

NfL (pg/ml)

pTau-181 (pg/ml)

AD (n = 15), mean (SD) & range

0.055 (009)

0.035–0.071

216.3* (107.7)

57.5–433.7

24.6 (15.3)

11.2–73.8

3.8* (2.6)

1.2–11.7

MCD (n = 12), mean (SD) & range

0.059 (0.011)

0.031–0.072

102.8 (39.8)

30.5–161.3

17.3 (7.4)

9.2–28.1

1.9 (0.9)

0.6–3.6

r (p-value) with cognitive screening instruments

 MMSE (n = 26)

0.020 (0.923)

−0.146 (0.476)

−0.220 (0.280)

−0.247 (0.223)

 TELE (n = 27)

0.189 (0.345)

−0.480 (0.011)

−0.587 (0.001)

−0.511 (0.006)

r (p-value) with episodic memory tests (immediate and delayed recall measures)

 CERAD immediate (n = 26)

0.156 (0.446)

−0.149 (0.468)

−0.327 (0.103)

−0.202 (0.322)

 CERAD delayed (n = 26)

0.323 (0.108)

−0.211 (0.300)

−0.190 (0.353)

−0.254 (0.210)

 cCOG immediate (n = 26)

0.064 (0.757)

−0.178 (0.383)

−0.259 (0.202)

−0.222 (0.276)

 cCOG delayed (n = 26)

0.195 (0.341)

−0.338 (0.091)

−0.177 (0.387)

−0.300 (0.136)

 TICS-m immediate (n = 27)

0.051 (0.802)

−0.172 (0.392)

−0.280 (0.158)

−0.394 (0.042)

 TICS-m delayed (n = 27)

−0.002 (0.994)

−0.091 (0.650)

−0.108 (0.592)

−0.300 (0.129)

r (p-value) with processing speed

 TMT-A (n = 24)

0.044 (0.837)

0.281 (0.184)

0.344 (0.099)

0.435 (0.034)

 cCOG TMT-A modified (n = 15)

0.233 (0.404)

0.020 (0.945)

0.118 (0.675)

0.245 (0.379)

r (p-value) with set-shifting (adjusted for processing speed)

 TMT-B (n = 20)

−0.198 (0.402)

0.125 (0.600)

0.095 (0.691)

0.095 (0.691)

 cCOG TMT-B modified (n = 11)

−0.118 (0.729)

−0.264 (0.433)

−0.327 (0.326

−0.018 (0.958)

r (p-value) with semantic fluency (SF)

 SF in-person (n = 26)

0.031 (0.880)

−0.072 (0.727)

−0.302 (0.134)

−0.088 (0.668)

 SF telephone (n = 27)

0.188 (0.348)

−0.171 (0.395)

−0.324 (0.100)

−0.281 (0.156)

  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. AD Alzheimer’s disease, Aβ42/40 amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, cCOG computerized cognitive testing, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, MCD mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, NfL neurofilament light chain, pTau-181 phosphorylated-tau181, TELE telephone assessment for dementia, TICS-m, modified telephone interview for cognitive status with three learning trials of the 10-word list, SD standard deviation, TMT-A/B trail making test parts A and B, VF verbal fluency.
  3. *Significantly higher value in AD group in comparison to MCD group. Participants with > 200 in TMT-A (modified) were excluded from the processing speed and set-shifting correlations.
Back to article page