Figure 5

Authentication of marketed ginseng materials using modified tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assay. (A) Amplification results of market samples at 40 PCR cycles. (B) Amplification results of extracts, decoctions, red ginseng bulk material, red ginseng individual slice and BRMs at 40 PCR cycles. The texts below the orange bar list ginsenoside Rb2/Rb1 ratio obtained from red ginseng bulk using UHPLC method. (C) Amplification results of P. ginseng root mixed with various weight percentage of P. quinquefolius root. Pq: P. quinquefolius; Pg: P. ginseng. (D) Amplification results of decoctions made from P. ginseng root mixed with 5% (w/w) of roots from other ginseng species root. Pn: P. notoginseng; Pj: P. japonicus; Es: E. senticosus.