Figure 1

Panels (a and b) depict the training process of the generator and discriminator, respectively, in QGAN method. This approach involves iterative training alternating between (a and b) while maintaining a constant value of the generator or discriminator. On the other hand, in SQGEN method, as demonstrated in panel (c), the learning of the generator and discriminator involves cooperative interaction between them. Thus, the training process in SQGEN differs from that of QGAN).