Figure 3

The circuits used for QGAN. (a) a circuit that evaluates the performance of \({\mathscr {D}}\) on \({\mathscr {R}}\) (computes p), (b) a circuit that evaluates the performance of \({\mathscr {D}}\) on \({\mathscr {G}}\) (computes q), and (c) a circuit that compares \({\mathscr {R}}\) with \({\mathscr {G}}\) (computes F). These circuits are used in rounds where for a given number of steps either \({\mathscr {D}}\) or \({\mathscr {G}}\) is optimized while keeping the parameters of the other fixed. A proper setting of this procedure requires a trial of error.