Table 3 Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptom (CESD ≥ 16) according to the Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption in subgroups stratified by glycemic status.
Characteristics | Serving/week | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never | < 1 | ≥ 1 and < 3 | ≥ 3 and < 5 | ≥ 5 | P for trend | |
Normal glycemia (n) | 13,717 | 16,214 | 7796 | 3061 | 1877 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.01 (0.96–1.08) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 1.10 (1.00–1.22) | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | < 0.001 |
Multivariable- adjusted HR | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | 1.24 (1.15–1.34) | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | 1.34 (1.19–1.52) | < 0.001 |
Incidence case [n, (%)] | 1961 (14.3%) | 2404 (14.8%) | 1234 (15.8%) | 490 (16.0%) | 327 (17.4%) | |
Incidence density/person year | 28.5/68,874 | 28.8/83,468 | 30.7/40,209 | 31.3/15,656 | 34.2/9572 | |
Prediabetes (n) | 13,802 | 15,670 | 7184 | 2755 | 1775 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | 1.49 (1.33–1.68) | < 0.001 |
Multivariable- adjusted HR | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.16 (1.08–1.23) | 1.28 (1.19–1.39) | 1.39 (1.25–1.55) | 1.58 (1.40–1.79) | < 0.001 |
Incidence case [n, (%)] | 1762 (12.8%) | 2253 (14.4%) | 1107 (15.4%) | 456 (16.6%) | 337 (19.0%) | |
Incidence density/person year | 25.6/68,895 | 28.0/80,538 | 29.6/37,365 | 32.0/14,252 | 37.9/8884 | |
Diabetes mellitus (n) | 1404 | 1062 | 477 | 188 | 133 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 1.29 (0.99–1.69) | 1.37 (0.94–1.99) | 1.60 (1.06–2.41) | 0.010 |
Multivariable- adjusted HR | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.20 (0.95–1.49) | 1.32 (0.99–1.73) | 1.35 (0.92–1.99) | 1.56 (1.004–2.43) | 0.032 |
Incidence case [n, (%)] | 170 (12.1%) | 155 (14.6%) | 77 (16.1%) | 33 (17.6%) | 26 (19.5%) | |
Incidence density/person year | 25.9/6569 | 30.4/5097 | 33.4/2302 | 35.3/936 | 41.4/629 | |
