Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

From: Educational attainment and anxiety in middle-aged and older Europeans

Total number of participants n = 77 792

Anxiety symptoms

 

Yes

8638 (11%)

No

69,154 (89%)

Sociodemographic factors

 Age median (IQR)**

68.00 (19)

64.00 (15)

 Female, n (%)**

5823 (67%)

37,135 (54%)

 Highest decile of household net worth, n (%)**

359 (4%)

7421 (11%)

 Children, one and more, n (%)

7763 (90%)

62,589 (91%)

 Grandchildren, one and more, n (%)**

6374 (74%)

45,802 (66%)

 Living with a partner, n (%)**

5549 (64%)

51,690 (75%)

 Currently working, n (%)**

1020 (12%)

20,871 (30%)

 Household size median (IQR)**

2.00 (0.00)

2.00 (1.00)

 Living in a rural area, n (%)*

2654 (32%)

22,209 (33%)

Health-related factors

 At least 1 limitation in IADL, n (%) **

3825 (44%)

9239 (13%)

 Number of chronic diseases, median (IQR) **

2.00 (3.00)

1.00 (1.00)

 BMI, mean ± SD **

27.41 (5.36)

26.76 (4.58)

 Mobility limitations index, median (IQR) **

3.00 (5.00)

0.00 (2.00)

 Delayed recall, median (IQR)**

3.00 (3.00)

4.00 (2.00)

 Number of depressive symptoms, median (IQR)**

5.00 (4.00)

2.00 (2.00)

 Maximal grip strength, mean ± SD**

27.59 (11.33)

34.68 (11.93)

 Physical activity, n (%)**

5847 (68%)

62,877 (91%)

 Never smoked daily, n (%)**

4021 (47%)

27,645 (40%)

 No excessive drinking, n (%)**

7535 (88%)

56,753 (82%)

 Frequency of eating fruits and vegetables per day, median (IQR)**

1.00 (1.00)

1.00 (0.00)

 Drugs for anxiety/depression, n (%)**

1964 (23%)

4241 (6%)

 Drugs for sleep problems, n (%)**

1944 (23%)

4686 (7%)

  1. **p < 0.001; *p < 0.05; BMI, body mass index; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; p-values were derived from independent samples t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and Chi-square tests.