Figure 1
From: Unveiling nanoscale optical signatures of cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction
Schematic representation of the general workflow of our experiments. (A) INS-1E were plated and then incubated for 24 h in fresh complete medium or supplemented with cytokines. (B) A label-free analysis (FLIM) was performed on NAD(P)H signal to assess changes in cellular metabolism after cytokine treatment. The result is a phasor plot in which the cellular metabolism oscillate between the signal of NADH free, NADH bound and long lifetime species (LLS) exploiting their different lifetime. (C) Then, the specimens were chemically fixed, stained with fluorescence probes and antibodies, functionalized with AcX, gelled, and finally expanded. Cytokine-treated and control samples were stained for three subcellular structures (mitochondria, ISGs, and cytoskeletal) using ExM.
