Figure 9
From: On the local warming potential of urban rooftop photovoltaic solar panels in cities

PVSPs have an effect on the energy balance of cities, which in turn may have an impact on air temperatures. Notwithstanding the fact that this corpus of literature contains inconsistent outcomes, review and synthesis point to two important conclusions. PVSPs have the ability to considerably warm the city during the diurnal scale, and PVSPs can also likely cool the urban environment on a diurnal scale. Nonetheless, the results of the current study indicated that while PVSPs can significantly cool the city at night because of the impacts of cool roofs, they can also significantly warm the city during the day due to heat convection.