Table 2 WRF/BEP + BEM model designs and experiments.

From: On the local warming potential of urban rooftop photovoltaic solar panels in cities

Experiments

Purpose

Photovoltaic panel fraction

Thermal characteristics of roof and photovoltaic panel

Albedo

Emissivity

Conversion efficiency \(\eta_{pv}\)

Roof \(\alpha_{roof}\)

Panel \(\alpha_{pv}\)

Roof \(\varepsilon_{roof}^{U}\)

Upward panel \(\varepsilon_{pv}^{U}\)

Downward panel \(\varepsilon_{pv}^{D}\)

SR

Validation

0.00

0.20

0.00

0.85

0.00

0.00

0.00

CR

Control

0.00

0.80

0.00

0.85

0.00

0.00

0.00

PVSP 25%

Scenario

0.25

0.85

0.11

0.85

0.79

0.95

0.19

PVSP 50%

Scenario

0.50

0.85

0.11

0.85

0.79

0.95

0.19

PVSP 75%

Scenario

0.75

0.85

0.11

0.85

0.79

0.95

0.19

PVSP 100%

Scenario

1.00

0.85

0.11

0.85

0.79

0.95

0.19

  1. SR standard roof, CR cool roof, PVSP photovoltaic solar panel.