Table 3 Summary of cellular metrics as function of maturation index (Temple).

From: Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to identify quantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing

Parameters

M5

M4

M3

M2

M1

CSD (cells/mm2)

[20,30]

2934 ± 195 (c)

5368 ± 365 (c)

5919 ± 481 (b)

4851 ± 551

2996 ± 507

[31,40]

2823 ± 167 (bc)

5092 ± 398 (bc)

5717 ± 547 (ab)

4787 ± 605

2975 ± 546

[41,50]

2731 ± 176 (ab)

4945 ± 455 (ab)

5737 ± 634 (ab)

4910 ± 647

2998 ± 537

[51,60]

2743 ± 165 (b)

4886 ± 404 (ab)

5453 ± 565 (ab)

4553 ± 559

2787 ± 351

[61,70]

2580 ± 174 (a)

4729 ± 382 (a)

5396 ± 387 (a)

4584 ± 549

2903 ± 489

p value

2.341e−7

3.993e−5

0.0117

0.2053

0.6174

NV (µm3)

[20,30]

208 ± 17

155 ± 13

133 ± 6

127 ± 4 (a)

127 ± 7 (a)

[31,40]

209 ± 13

162 ± 12

137 ± 6

129 ± 4 (ab)

130 ± 7 (ab)

[41,50]

219 ± 14

169 ± 17

139 ± 9

130 ± 6 (ab)

131 ± 7 (ab)

[51,60]

208 ± 18

163 ± 19

138 ± 10

130 ± 6 (ab)

132 ± 8 (ab)

[61,70]

220 ± 28

166 ± 25

138 ± 11

132 ± 6 (b)

135 ± 9 (b)

p value

0.0751

0.1438

0.118

0.0437

0.0373

STD-NV (µm3)

[20,30]

96.9 ± 6.2

63.2 ± 7.7 (a)

54.1 ± 6.2

54.7 ± 7.2

59.2 ± 9.2

[31,40]

95.2 ± 7.2

60.5 ± 4.3 (ab)

53.9 ± 4.2

56.7 ± 5.3

59.7 ± 8.3

[41,50]

94.6 ± 6.7

63.1 ± 4.3 (ab)

54.3 ± 4.0

55.5 ± 6.9

58.8 ± 8.2

[51,60]

99.3 ± 7.0

66.0 ± 6.6 (ab)

55.0 ± 4.0

56.0 ± 5.2

60.4 ± 7.1

[61,70]

96.3 ± 8.7

65.6 ± 8.6 (b)

56.5 ± 6.0

57.7 ± 6.9

61.6 ± 8.7

p value

0.0466

0.0124

0.1272

0.7227

0.6394

NC

[20,30]

0.671 ± 0.029

0.757 ± 0.015 (b)

0.801 ± 0.012

0.810 ± 0.012

0.805 ± 0.014

[31,40]

0.671 ± 0.031

0.753 ± 0.016 (ab)

0.799 ± 0.010

0.810 ± 0.010

0.805 ± 0.011

[41,50]

0.659 ± 0.028

0.742 ± 0.021(a)

0.793 ± 0.014

0.809 ± 0.011

0.806 ± 0.014

[51,60]

0.681 ± 0.028

0.757 ± 0.018 (b)

0.799 ± 0.009

0.810 ± 0.008

0.809 ± 0.009

[61,70]

0.683 ± 0.026

0.760 ± 0.013 (b)

0.801 ± 0.011

0.814 ± 0.010

0.813 ± 0.010

p value

0.0616

0.012

0.1884

0.5298

0.1867

STD-C

[20,30]

0.106 ± 0.004

0.082 ± 0.004

0.068 ± 0.004

0.066 ± 0.006

0.070 ± 0.007

[31,40]

0.107 ± 0.005

0.084 ± 0.005

0.068 ± 0.004

0.066 ± 0.004

0.070 + /0.005

[41,50]

0.107 ± 0.004

0.085 ± 0.007

0.070 ± 0.005

0.067 ± 0.004

0.070 ± 0.006

[51,60]

0.106 ± 0.005

0.083 ± 0.007

0.069 ± 0.005

0.066 ± 0.004

0.069 ± 0.005

[61,70]

0.107 ± 0.005

0.083 ± 0.005

0.068 ± 0.005

0.065 ± 0.005

0.067 ± 0.005

p value

0.891

0.309

0.684

0.889

0.411

CNA

[20,30]

0.115 ± 0.017 (a)

0.116 ± 0.025 (a)

0.153 ± 0.028 (a)

0.200 ± 0.039 (a)

0.231 ± 0.027 (a)

[31,40]

0.124 ± 0.025 (a)

0.129 ± 0.023 (ab)

0.168 ± 0.022 (ab)

0.197 ± 0.020 (a)

0.228 ± 0.022 (a)

[41,50]

0.130 ± 0.031 (ab)

0.154 ± 0.042 (bc)

0.200 ± 0.049 (b)

0.217 ± 0.038 (ab)

0.240 ± 0.027 (ab)

[51,60]

0.141 ± 0.030 (ab)

0.153 ± 0.051 (bc)

0.187 ± 0.059 (ab)

0.225 ± 0.043 (ab)

0.249 ± 0.027 (ab)

[61,70]

0.152 ± 0.044 (b)

0.169 ± 0.057 (c)

0.199 ± 0.048 (b)

0.235 ± 0.035 (b)

0.256 ± 0.035 (b)

p value

0.0028

0.0008

0.0026

0.0047

0.0091

  1. Metrics are presented as mean ± sd, p values for each maturation index are provided and letters indicate the outcome from multi-comparison tests (when relevant). CSD, Cell surface density; NV, Nuclei volume; NC, Nuclei compactness; CNA, Cell network atypia; STD, Standard deviation computed as a metric.