Table 4 Summary of cellular metrics as function of maturation index (Cheekbone).

From: Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to identify quantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing

Parameters

M5

M4

M3

M2

M1

CSD (cells/mm2)

[20,30]

2881 ± 135 (b)

5065 ± 267 (a)

5897 ± 335

5269 ± 344

3347 ± 396

[31,40]

2891 ± 157 (b)

4992 ± 346 (a)

5896 ± 409

5431 ± 437

3553 ± 528

[41,50]

2803 ± 171 (ab)

4816 ± 486 (ab)

5813 ± 517

5494 ± 459

3802 ± 581

[51,60]

2794 ± 166 (ab)

4834 ± 340 (ab)

5813 ± 346

5436 ± 551

3669 ± 695

[61,70]

2701 ± 167 (a)

4714 ± 316 (b)

5738 ± 418

5497 ± 627

3714 ± 616

p value

0.0018

0.0185

0.7164

0.5584

0.1186

NV(µm3)

[20,30]

223 ± 17

176 ± 16

149 ± 10

134 ± 5 (ab)

130 ± 4

[31,40]

224 ± 19

180 ± 16

149 ± 11

132 ± 5 (a)

129 ± 6

[41,50]

218 ± 21

176 ± 19

148 ± 13

135 ± 8 (ab)

132 ± 6

[51,60]

227 ± 24

179 ± 19

151 ± 13

135 ± 6 (ab)

131 ± 5

[61,70]

236 ± 30

185 ± 24

154 ± 13

139 ± 7 (b)

134 ± 7

p value

0.1237

0.6369

0.6194

0.0279

0.0637

STD-NV (µm3)

[20,30]

96.9 ± 6.2 (a)

63.2 ± 7.7 (a)

54.1 ± 6.2 (ab)

54.7 ± 7.2 (ab)

59.2 ± 9.2

[31,40]

98.8 ± 5.8 (a)

67.3 ± 6.6 (a)

57.4 ± 5.7 (a)

54.8 ± 3.8 (a)

57.3 ± 6.4

[41,50]

98.7 ± 9.0 (a)

67.1 ± 5.3 (ab)

56.3 ± 4.8 (ab)

53.7 ± 4.3 (ab)

57.7 ± 6.8

[51,60]

99.2 ± 9.2 (ab)

69.2 ± 7.7 (ab)

58.2 ± 5.4 (ab)

56.9 ± 4.6 (ab)

60.9 ± 78

[61,70]

101.8 ± 12.4 (b)

69.2 ± 7.1 (b)

58.7 ± 4.6 (b)

56.5 ± 5.1 (b)

59.9 ± 7.1

p value

0.0128

0.0302

0.0396

0.019

0.1858

NC

[20,30]

0.638 ± 0.033

0.735 ± 0.021 (b)

0.793 ± 0.012 (c)

0.813 ± 0.009 (b)

0.814 ± 0.011 (c)

[31,40]

0.635 ± 0.039

0.727 ± 0.023 (b)

0.789 ± 0.012 (bc)

0.812 ± 0.008 (b)

0.812 ± 0.012 (bc)

[41,50]

0.632 ± 0.025

0.717 ± 0.018 (ab)

0.775 ± 0.016 (ab)

0.799 ± 0.016 (ab)

0.800 ± 0.018 (a)

[51,60]

0.631 ± 0.025

0.718 ± 0.020 (ab)

0.778 ± 0.013 (a)

0.803 ± 0.012 (a)

0804 ± 0.015 (abc)

[61,70]

0.620 ± 0.037

0.706 ± 0.029 (a)

0.768 ± 0.018 (a)

0.797 ± 0.012 (a)

0.802 ± 0.010 (ab)

p value

0.4719

0.0011

6.250e−7

1.195e−5

0.0032

STD-NC

[20,30]

0.111 ± 0.004

0.090 ± 0.004

0.071 ± 0.004 (a)

0.064 ± 0.004 (a)

0.067 ± 0.006 (a)

[31,40]

0.111 ± 0.004

0.091 ± 0.006

0.072 ± 0.005 (ab)

0.064 ± 0.003 (a)

0.069 ± 0.007 (ab)

[41,50]

0.111 ± 0.006

0.092 ± 0.006

0.076 ± 0.006 (abc)

0.069 ± 0.006 (ab)

0.073 ± 0.008 (ab)

[51,60]

0.111 ± 0.006

0.094 ± 0.006

0.075 ± 0.006 (bc)

0.068 ± 0.005 (b)

0.071 ± 0.007 (b)

[61,70]

0.111 ± 0.005

0.095 ± 0.007

0.079 ± 0.006 (b)

0.071 ± 0.004 (b)

0.073 ± 0.005 (b)

p value

0.975

0.0901

1.680e−5

2.355e−6

0.0122

CNA

[20,30]

0.115 ± 0.017 (a)

0.158 ± 0.024 (a)

0.226 ± 0.038 (ab)

0.249 ± 0.037 (ab)

0.245 ± 0.024

[31,40]

0.116 ± 0.21 (a)

0.152 ± 0.031(a)

0.205 ± 0.039 (a)

0.227 ± 0.033 (a)

0.230 ± 0.021

[41,50]

0.124 ± 0.030 (ab)

0.173 ± 0.062(ab)

0.235 ± 0.067 (ab)

0.257 ± 0.058 (ab)

0.257 ± 0.059

[51,60]

0.124 ± 0.024 (ab)

0.169 ± 0.033 (ab)

0.235 ± 0.047 (ab)

0.257 ± 0.041 (ab)

0.248 ± 0.024

[61,70]

0.143 ± 0.035 (b)

0.203 ± 0.066 (b)

0.267 ± 0.065 (b)

0.279 ± 0.040 (b)

0.260 ± 0.028

p value

0.0086

0.0106

0.0086

0.0067

0.0572

  1. Metrics are presented as mean ± sd, p values for each maturation index are provided and letters indicate the outcome from multi-comparison tests (when relevant). CSD, Cell surface density; NV, Nuclei volume; NC, Nuclei compactness; CAN, Cell network atypia; STD, Standard deviation computed as a metric.
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