Table 5 Summary of cellular metrics as function of maturation index (Mandible).

From: Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to identify quantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing

Parameters

M5

M4

M3

M2

M1

CSD (cells/mm2)

[20,30]

2787 ± 149 (c)

5276 ± 289 (c)

6135 ± 402 (c)

5213 ± 497 (ab)

3092 ± 537

[31,40]

2697 ± 156 (bc)

4998 ± 336 (bc)

6027 ± 399 (bc)

5351 ± 530 (ab)

3346 ± 684

[41,50]

2631 ± 145 (ab)

4831 ± 408 (ab)

6028 ± 401 (bc)

5549 ± 530 (b)

3529 ± 705

[51,60]

2604 ± 165 (ab)

4642 ± 338 (a)

5569 ± 370 (a)

5058 ± 518 (a)

3254 ± 580

[61,70]

2519 ± 177 (a)

4560 ± 394 (a)

5686 ± 396 (ab)

5299 ± 448 (ab)

3397 ± 580

p value

1.23e−5

1.70e−8

1.75e−5

0.044

0.243

NV (µm3)

[20,30]

220 ± 17 (a)

165 ± 18 (a)

139 ± 12

129 ± 8

128 ± 7 (ab)

[31,40]

235 ± 23 (ab)

181 ± 19 (ab)

145 ± 13

130 ± 6

126 ± 7 (a)

[41,50]

237 ± 16 (ab)

183 ± 16 (ab)

145 ± 10

131 + 6

130 ± 4 (ab)

[51,60]

225 ± 22 (ab)

180 ± 24 (ab)

145 ± 11

132 ± 5

130 ± 7 (ab)

[61,70]

245 ± 25 (b)

189 ± 28 (b)

148 ± 15

133 ± 6

132 ± 6 (b)

p value

0.0019

0.0167

0.1748

0.1634

0.0164

STD-NV (µm3)

[20,30]

96.9 ± 6.2 (a)

63.2 ± 7.7 (a)

54.1 ± 6.2 (a)

54.7 ± 7.2 (ab)

59.2 ± 9.2 (a)

[31,40]

100.0 ± 8.8 (a)

66.9 ± 6.2 (ab)

54.1 ± 4.8 (a)

51.3 ± 3.4 (a)

54.0 ± 6.5 (ab)

[41,50]

105.8 ± 9.7 (a)

70.9 ± 6.3 (bc)

56.3 ± 4.8 (ab)

55.6 ± 4.1 (ab)

59.8 ± 5.2 (ab)

[51,60]

101.3 ± 9.6 (ab)

70.8 ± 8.8 (bc)

57.8 ± 4.4 (ab)

56.6 ± 5.9 (b)

60.3 ± 10.3 (ab)

[61,70]

112.6 ± 17.2 (b)

75.7 ± 11.6 (c)

59.2 ± 6.0 (b)

57.3 ± 5.0 (b)

61.6 ± 6.5 (b)

p value

0.0002

0.0001

0.0087

0.006

0.0295

NC

[20,30]

0.650 ± 0.027

0.744 ± 0.017 (b)

0.799 ± 0.016 (c)

0.812 ± 0.016

0.808 ± 0.018

[31,40]

0.644 ± 0.026

0.736 ± 0.016 (ab)

0.793 ± 0.012 (bc)

0.813 ± 0.010

0.813 ± 0.013

[41,50]

0.642 ± 0.023

0.720 ± 0.028 (a)

0.779 ± 0.019 (a)

0.805 ± 0.010

0.805 ± 0.009

[51,60]

0.659 ± 0.026

0.734 ± 0.022 (ab)

0.784 ± 0.013 (ab)

0.805 ± 0.010

0.807 ± 0.012

[61,70]

0.654 ± 0.026

0.730 ± 0.020 (ab)

0.784 ± 0.011 (ab)

0.806 ± 0.008

0.807 ± 0.008

p value

0.193

0.0096

0.0002

0.037

0.317

STD-C

[20,30]

0.106 ± 0.004

0.084 ± 0.005

0.068 ± 0.005 (a)

0.064 ± 0.006

0.068 ± 0.008

[31,40]

0.107 ± 0.004

0.086 ± 0.005

0.070 ± 0.004 (ab)

0.064 ± 0.003

0.066 ± 0.006

[41,50]

0.108 ± 0.005

0.088 ± 0.008

0.074 ± 0.007 (b)

0.067 ± 0.004

0.071 ± 0.005

[51,60]

0.109 ± 0.008

0.088 ± 0.007

0.074 ± 0.006 (b)

0.068 ± 0.005

0.070 ± 0.007

[61,70]

0.109 ± 0.007

0.090 ± 0.008

0.074 ± 0.005 (b)

0.067 ± 0.003

0.070 ± 0.004

p value

0.392

0.083

0.021

0.0101

0.0537

CNA

[20,30]

0.106 ± 0.017 (a)

0.123 ± 0.028 (a)

0.169 ± 0.044 (a)

0.205 ± 0.044 (a)

0.233 ± 0.036

[31,40]

0.117 ± 0.023 (a)

0.154 ± 0.043 (ab)

0.196 ± 0.048 (ab)

0.205 ± 0.037 (a)

0.222 ± 0.025

[41,50]

0.128 ± 0.024 (ab)

0.167 ± 0.055 (ab)

0.203 ± 0.062 (ab)

0.225 ± 0.042 (ab)

0.237 ± 0.023

[51,60]

0.139 ± 0.030 (ab)

0.176 ± 0.056 (b)

0.218 ± 0.057 (ab)

0.229 ± 0.045 (ab)

0.236 ± 0.027

[61,70]

0.162 ± 0.074 (b)

0.204 ± 0.086 (b)

0.241 ± 0.073 (b)

0.243 ± 0.043 (b)

0.241 ± 0.018

p value

0.0003

0.0006

0.0240

0.0221

0.1935

  1. Metrics are presented as mean ± sd, p values for each maturation index are provided and letters indicate the outcome from multi-comparison tests (when relevant). CSD, Cell surface density; NV, Nuclei volume; NC, Nuclei compactness; CAN, Cell network atypia; STD, Standard deviation computed as a metric.
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