Table 1 Participants’ characteristics.

	Total		Early waves of COVID-19 n = 6010		Later waves of COVID-19 n = 5344			p
	n	%	n	%	n	%		p
Sex
Male	6172	54.36	3437	57.19	2735	51.18	χ² = 43.30	< 0.001
Female	5150	45.36	2553	42.48	2597	48.60
Others	32	0.28	20	0.33	12	0.22
Age group (in years)
20–29	1815	15.99	1192	19.83	623	11.66	χ² = 151.92	< 0.001
30–39	2928	25.79	1503	25.01	1425	26.67
40–49	3191	28.10	1580	26.29	1611	30.15
50–59	2294	20.20	1187	19.75	1107	20.71
60–69	910	8.01	435	7.24	475	8.89
70–79	198	1.74	101	1.68	97	1.82
80–89	13	0.11	7	0.12	6	0.11
≥ 90	5	0.04	5	0.08	0	0
Level of education
High school graduates or less	2468	21.74	1356	22.56	1112	20.81	χ² = 5.12	0.02
Post-high school graduate	8886	78.26	4654	77.44	4232	79.19
Job status
Employed	9726	85.66	5151	85.71	4575	85.61	χ² = 0.02	0.88
Unemployed	1628	14.34	859	14.29	769	14.39
Cohabitation status
Living together	9490	83.58	4847	80.65	4643	86.88	χ² = 80.10	< 0.001
Living alone	1864	16.42	1163	19.35	701	13.12
Hospitalization status at infection
Hospitalized	1579	13.91	1468	24.43	111	2.08	χ² = 1200.0	< 0.001
Not hospitalized	9775	86.09	4542	75.57	5233	97.92
Duration after infection (months)	3.88	± 0.04	4.99	± 0.06	2.62	± 0.03	t = 35.82	< 0.001
K6 score	3.54	± 0.05	4.54	± 0.07	2.42	± 0.06	t = 23.43	< 0.001
≥ 5	3474	30.60	2375	39.52	1099	20.57	χ² = 478.48	< 0.001
≥ 13	765	6.74	548	9.12	217	4.06	χ² = 115.55	< 0.001
Experiences of discrimination
Being blamed	641	5.65	548	9.12	93	1.74	χ² = 289.06	< 0.001
Some form of discrimination	1820	16.03	1538	25.59	282	5.28	χ² = 867.21	< 0.001
Participant or families being maligned	1206	10.62	1038	17.27	168	3.14	χ² = 594.69	< 0.001

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