Figure 3
From: Structure and conductivity of ionomer in PEM fuel cell catalyst layers: a model-based analysis
Comparison of literature data12,44, 52,79,86,87,88 for proton conductivity and available relations for heterogeneous random media (Bruggeman relation, percolation theory, Hashin and Shtrikman coated sphere model proposed by Das et al.48 and spherical film model proposed by Liu et al.52). Please note that the original equation provided in Ref.48 has been rearranged for the sake of clarity.
