Table 5 Multigroup CFA with configural, metric, scalar and residual invariance test.

Configural invariance (equal structure)

 Default model

12.70

.00

.04

.75

.67

.57

.69

.74

.09

.09

.10

.00

 Model modest loadings (.30)

8.22

.00

.02

.84

.78

.61

.81

.85

.07

.07

.08

.00

 Model modest loadings (.25)

6.25

.00

.02

.88

.82

.59

.86

.90

.06

.06

.07

.00

 Model modest loading (.25) with correlated error terms

4.84

.00

.01

.92

.86

.55

.90

.93

.05

.05

.06

.02

Metric invariance (equal measurement weights)

5.30

.00

.03

.89

.85

.63

.89

.91

.06

.05

.06

.00

Scalar invariance (equal item intercepts, structural covariances)

5.47

.00

.03

.89

.84

.65

.88

.90

.06

.06

.06

.00

Residual invariance (equal measurement residuals)

5.79

.00

.03

.86

.83

.69

.87

.89

.06

.06

.06

.00